Codons and amino acids


Last modified October, 2009

Content


Genetic code

NOTE - starting VarNomen version 3 the '*' is used to indicate a translation stop codon, replacing the 'X' used previously (see Background).

Nucleotide position in codon
first second third
  U C A G
U UUU - Phe
UUC - Phe
UUA - Leu
UUG - Leu
UCU - Ser
UCC - Ser
UCA - Ser
UCG - Ser
UAU - Tyr
UAC - Tyr
 UAA -  *  
 UAG -  *  
UGU - Cys
UGC - Cys
UGA -  * 
UGG - Trp
U
C
A
G
C CUU - Leu
CUC - Leu
CUA - Leu
CUG - Leu
CCU - Pro
CCC - Pro
CCA - Pro
CCG - Pro
CAU - His
CAC - His
CAA - Gln
CAG - Gln
CGU - Arg
CGC - Arg
CGA - Arg
CGG - Arg
U
C
A
G
A AUU - Ile
AUC - Ile
AUA - Ile
AUG - Met
ACU - Thr
ACC - Thr
ACA - Thr
ACG - Thr
AAU - Asn
AAC - Asn
AAA - Lys
AAG - Lys
AGU - Ser
AGC - Ser
AGA - Arg
AGG - Arg
U
C
A
G
G GUU - Val
GUC - Val
GUA - Val
GUG - Val
GCU - Ala
GCC - Ala
GCA - Ala
GCG - Ala
GAU - Asp
GAC - Asp
GAA - Glu
GAG - Glu
GGU - Gly
GGC - Gly
GGA - Gly
GGG - Gly
U
C
A
G

Amino acid descriptions

One letter
code
Three letter
code
Amino acid Possible codons
A Ala Alanine GCA, GCC, GCG, GCT
B Asx Asparagine or Aspartic acid AAC, AAT, GAC, GAT
C Cys Cysteine TGC, TGT
D Asp Aspartic acid GAC, GAT
E Glu Glutamic acid GAA, GAG
F Phe Phenylalanine TTC, TTT
G Gly Glycine GGA, GGC, GGG, GGT
H His Histidine CAC, CAT
I Ile Isoleucine ATA, ATC, ATT
K Lys Lysine AAA, AAG
L Leu Leucine CTA, CTC, CTG, CTT, TTA, TTG
M Met Methionine ATG
N Asn Asparagine AAC, AAT
P Pro Proline CCA, CCC, CCG, CCT
Q Gln Glutamine CAA, CAG
R Arg Arginine AGA, AGG, CGA, CGC, CGG, CGT
S Ser Serine AGC, AGT, TCA, TCC, TCG, TCT
T Thr Threonine ACA, ACC, ACG, ACT
V Val Valine GTA, GTC, GTG, GTT
W Trp Tryptophan TGG
X X any codon NNN
Y Tyr Tyrosine TAC, TAT
Z Glx Glutamine or Glutamic acid CAA, CAG, GAA, GAG
* * stop codon TAA, TAG, TGA
       

Amino acid properties

Property Amino acids
small Ala, Gly
acidic / amide Asp, Glu, Asn, Gln
charged negative Asp, Glu
positive Lys, Arg
polar Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Pro
hydrophobic Val, Leu, Ile, Met
size big Glu, Gln, His, Ile, Lys, Leu, Met, Phe, Trp, Tyr
small Ala, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, Val
aliphatic Ile, Leu, Val
aromatic His, Phe, Tyr, Trp

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